新兴权利的利益衡量判定——以侵犯人格利益个案为背景的分析

法制与社会发展[ISSN:1006-6128/CN:22-1243/D] 卷: 期数: 2022年03期页码: 66-84 栏目: 法学范畴研究出版日期: 2022-05-10

Keywords:: New-Rights; Personal Interests; Individual Freedom of Activity; Balance of Interests

摘要:: 在侵权个案语境下，新兴权利主张主要体现为一种具有主观性特点的人格利益诉求，这反映出现代社会利益保护需求的扩大化，对此，司法裁判应积极应对。从权利的利益论出发，利益衡量可被视为权利概念本身蕴含的实践推理机制，对新的人格利益的权利判定同样需要遵循这一方法。利益衡量与价值不可公度性命题并不抵牾，其具有理性的可操作性并可接受审查。一方面，新兴权利的利益衡量应当对新的人格利益的价值重要性进行确认；另一方面，更为关键的是，应结合个案对利益受侵害程度作出综合判断，并在此基础上具体比较利益受侵害程度与活动自由受干涉程度。以权利和自由的均衡保护为基本功能，侵权法应当通过个案裁判积累逐步建立各种新的人格利益与个人活动自由之间的利益衡量规则，为新兴权利的生成提供稳固的基础。

Abstract:: In the context of tort cases, the claim of new-rights mainly shows a subjective appeal to personal interests, which reflects the expansion of the demand for the protection of interests in modern society, and the judicial judgment should give a positive response. From the perspective of the interest theory of rights, balance of interests can be regarded as the practical reasoning mechanism contained in the concept of rights, and the judgment of new personal interests should also follow this method. Balance of interests is not in contrast to the proposition of incommensurability of value, and it has rational operability and can be examined. In the course of balance of interests for new-rights, on the one hand, the value importance of new personal interests should be confirmed; on the other hand, it is more crucial to make a comprehensive judgment on the degree of infringing interests based on individual cases, and on this basis, making a concrete comparison between the degree of infringing interests and the degree of interference in individual freedom of activity. With the basic function of balanced protection of rights and freedoms, tort law should gradually establish all kinds of balance rules of personal interests and individual freedom of activity through accumulation of individual cases so as to provide a solid foundation for the generation of new-rights.

相似文献/References:

*山东工商学院法学院副教授。

更新日期/Last Update: 2022-05-10