民法典视域下的“人身自由”
法制与社会发展[ISSN:1006-6128/CN:22-1243/D]
卷:
期数:
2022年03期
页码:
30-45
栏目:
民法典研究
出版日期:
2022-05-10
- 摘要:
- 在民法典时代，应当对《民法典》第109条和第990条第2款中的“人身自由”作广义解读，即“人身自由”不应局限于行动自由，而应充当以自决地位为核心的人身权益的价值基础。“人身自由”和“人格尊严”构成整体性教义，能够确保在社会交往背景下主体人格的自由发展和平等主体之间的相互尊重。民法中的“人身自由”与宪法中的“人身自由”在概念内涵方面存在差异，且在发挥客观价值秩序功能时处于平行位置，二者系《宪法》第33条第3款规定的“尊重和保障人权”在民法和宪法领域的分流。在此基础上，“人身自由”的类型化可从行动自由、人体捐献和人体试验自决、人格标识利用自决、婚姻自由、性自主、生育计划的自决以及法律行为层面的自决等方面展开。
- Abstract:
- In the era of Civil Code, a broad interpretation of “personal freedom” in Article 109 and Paragraph 2 of Article 990 of Civil Code is necessary. “Personal freedom” in this sense is not limited to freedom of action, but serves as the value basis for personal rights and interests centered on the status of self-determination. “Personal freedom” and “personal dignity” constitute a holistic doctrine, which aims to guarantee the free development of the subjects personality in the context of social interaction and the mutual respect between equal subjects. “Personal freedom” in the civil law and “personal freedom” in the constitution are different in category, and they are in a parallel relationship when they play the function of objective value order. They are the diversion of “respecting and safeguarding human rights” in Article 33, paragraph 3, of the Constitution in the field of civil law and constitution. On this basis, the typification of “personal freedom” can be carried out from the aspects of freedom of action, self-determination of human donation and human experimentation, self-determination of the use of personality markers, freedom of marriage, sexual autonomy, self-determination of reproductive planning, and self-determination at the level of legal behavior.
备注/Memo
*武汉大学法学院教授、博士生导师。
本文系国家社会科学基金一般项目“人格标识的利用与保护研究”（20BFX105）的阶段性成果。
更新日期/Last Update:
2022-05-10